The imperial body - guard

praetōrĭānus, a, um, adj. [praetorium], of or belonging to the body-guard, prœtorian (post-Aug.):

praetorianus miles,

a soldier of the imperial body-guard, a prœtorian, Tac. H. 2, 44:

pars praetoriani equitis,

id. A. 1, 24:

milites,

Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 181:

cohortes,

id. 9, 6, 5, § 15:

exercitus,

Suet. Vesp. 6:

praefectura, i. e. praefecti praetorio,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 10.— Plur. as subst.: praetōrĭāni, ōrum, the prœtorians, the prœtorian guards, Tac. H. 1, 74; id. A. 6, 3.

praetōrĭānus, a, um, adj. [praetor], of or belonging to the prœtor, prœtorian (post-class.):

tutor, Ulp. Reg. tit. 12: pretia,

money earned by the prœtor's administration of justice, Aug. Conf. 6, 10.

praetōrĭānus, a, um, adj. [praetorium], of or belonging to the body-guard, prœtorian (post-Aug.):

praetorianus miles,

a soldier of the imperial body-guard, a prœtorian, Tac. H. 2, 44:

pars praetoriani equitis,

id. A. 1, 24:

milites,

Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 181:

cohortes,

id. 9, 6, 5, § 15:

exercitus,

Suet. Vesp. 6:

praefectura, i. e. praefecti praetorio,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 10.— Plur. as subst.: praetōrĭāni, ōrum, the prœtorians, the prœtorian guards, Tac. H. 1, 74; id. A. 6, 3.

praetōrĭānus, a, um, adj. [praetor], of or belonging to the prœtor, prœtorian (post-class.):

tutor, Ulp. Reg. tit. 12: pretia,

money earned by the prœtor's administration of justice, Aug. Conf. 6, 10.

prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.

Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

aliquem pecori,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

imperatorem bello,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

tantis rebus,

id. ib. 10, 27:

legatos legionibus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

pontifices sacris,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

aliquem provinciae,

id. ib. 13, 46;

2, 4: aliquem classi,

Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

lucis Avernis,

Verg. A. 6, 118:

Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

Ov. H. 12, 87:

in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —

Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.

In gen.:

gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

praefectus morum,

Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—

In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

praefectus aerarii or aerario,

a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

3169: castrorum or castris,

an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

classis,

an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

in the free towns and colonies,

a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

called also simply praefectus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

cohortium,

Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

praefectus regis or regius,

a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

vigilum or vigilibus,

a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

Aegypti,

the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

Alpium,

Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.

* * *

praetōrĭum, ii, n. [praetor].

A general's tent, Liv. 10, 33:

dictatoris,

id. 7, 12:

imperatoris Aequorum,

id. 3, 25; Caes. B. C. 1, 76.—

Transf.

A council of war (because held in the general's tent):

praetorio dimisso,

Liv. 30, 5; 37, 5:

missum,

id. 21, 54, 3.—

The official residence of the governor in a province, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 65:

curritur ad praetorium,

id. ib. 2, 5, 35, § 92; Vulg. Matt. 27, 27.—

A palace (post-Aug.):

sedet ad praetoria regis,

Juv. 10, 161:

Herodis,

Vulg. Act. 23, 35; id. Phil. 1, 13.—

In gen., a magnificent building, a splendid country-seat (post-Aug.):

ampla et operosa praetoria,

Suet. Aug. 72:

in exstructionibus praetoriorum atque villarum,

id. Calig. 37; id. Tib. 39:

alternas servant praetoria ripas,

Stat. S. 1, 3, 25; Juv. 1, 75; Dig. 31, 1, 35; 50, 16, 198.—

Of other dwelling - places, the cell of the queen-bee:

et circa regem atque ipsa ad praetoria, densae Miscentur,

Verg. G. 4, 75. —Of Diogenes's tub:

utcumque sol se inclinaverat, Diogenis simul praetorium vertebatur,

Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, 14.—

The imperial body - guard, the guards, whose commander was called praefectus praetorio or praetorii:

in praetorium accepti,

Tac. H. 4, 26 fin.:

meruit in praetorio Augusti centurio,

Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 82:

militare in praetorio,

id. 25, 2, 6, § 17:

ascriptis veteranis e praetorio,

Suet. Ner. 9:

praetorii praefectus,

Tac. H. 1, 19.

stătĭo, ōnis, f. [sto], a standing, a standing still.

Lit. (so very rare;

not in Cic.): navis, quae manet in statione,

remains standing, stands still, does not move, Lucr. 4, 388; so,

manere in statione,

id. 4, 396; 5, 478; 5, 518:

in statione locata nubila,

id. 6, 193: varas In statione manus et pugnae membra paravi, in a firm posture (for fighting), Ov. M. 9, 34:

numquam id (sidus) stationem facere,

stands still, Plin. 2, 17, 15, § 77:

stationes matutinas facere,

id. 2, 15, 12, § 59:

solus immobilem stationis gradum retinens,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 23:

terrae,

Manil. 2, 70.—

Trop., that which is established by custom or prescription, a transl. of the Gr. thematismos, Vitr. 1, 2, 5.—

Transf., in concr., a place where persons or things stay or abide, a station, post, an abode, residence.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

Athenis statio mea nunc placet,

Cic. Att. 6, 9, 5:

quā positus fueris in statione, mane,

Ov. F. 2, 674; cf. id. ib. 5, 719:

principio sedes apibus statioque petenda,

Verg. G. 4, 8:

apricis statio gratissima mergis,

id. A. 5, 128:

equorum,

i. e. a stall, Pall. 1, 21, 2; so,

jumentorum,

Dig. 7, 1, 13 fin.:

plerique in stationibus sedent tempusque audiendis fabulis conterunt,

in public places, Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2:

stationes circumeo,

id. ib. 2, 9, 5:

quod tabernas tris de domo suo circa forum civitatibus ad stationem locasset,

Suet. Ner. 37:

thermae, stationes, omne theatrum,

Juv. 11, 4; Gell. 13, 13, 1:

stationes municipiorum,

Plin. 16, 44, 86, § 236:

si ad stationem vel tabernam ventum sit,

Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 7:

stationes hibernae,

winter-quarters, Amm. 14, 1, 1.—

Poet., of things, place, position:

pone recompositas in statione comas,

in their place, Ov. Am. 1, 7, 68; id. A. A. 3, 434:

permutata rerum statione, Petr. poët. 120, 99: umoris,

Pall. 1, 43.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., a post, station (v. custodiae, vigilia):

cohortes ex statione et praesidio emissae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42:

ii, qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant... Cohortes quae in stationibus erant, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 32; 5, 15; 6, 37;

6, 38: in stationem succedere,

to relieve, id. ib. 4, 32:

stationem inire,

Tac. A. 13, 35:

relinquere,

Verg. A. 9, 222:

deserere,

Suet. Aug. 24:

habere,

Liv. 35, 29:

quique primi transierant, in statione erant, dum traicerent ceteri,

on guard, Curt. 7, 5, 18.— Transf.: suis vicibus capiebant bina (lumina Argi) quietem;

Cetera servabant atque in statione manebant,

kept at their posts, Ov. M. 1, 627; 2, 115.— Trop.:

de praesidio et statione vitae decedere,

Cic. Sen. 20, 73:

functo longissimā statione mortali,

Vell. 2, 131, 2:

imperii statione relictā,

Ov. Tr. 2, 219; Vell. 2, 124, 2; Tac. Or. 17; Suet. Claud. 38.—

Transf., like our post, watch, guard, for those who are stationed to watch, who stand guard, sentries, sentinels, outposts, pickets:

ut stationes dispositas haberent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 7, 69 fin.:

ut minus intentae diurnae stationes ac nocturnae vigiliae essent,

Liv. 9, 24, 5; 25, 38, 16; cf. in sing.:

ad stationem Romanam in portā segniter agentem vigilias perveniunt,

id. 10, 32, 7:

dispositā statione per ripas Tiberis,

Suet. Tib. 72:

crebrae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 73:

custodiae stationesque equitum,

id. ib. 1, 59:

statione militum assumptā,

i. e. body-guard, lifeguard, Suet. Tib. 24; so,

militum,

id. Ner. 21; 34; 47.—

Transf., in gen., a station, office, position, in government, etc. (post-class.):

in hac statione, i. e. the imperial office,

Spart. Ael. Verr. 4:

statio imperatoria,

Lampr. Comm. 1:

Augusta,

Capitol. Clod. Alb. 2: regia, Vulc. 7; Capitol. Verr. 8.—

Naut. t. t., an anchorage, roadstead, road, bay, inlet (syn. portus), Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2:

quietam nactus stationem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6; 3, 8; 1, 56 fin.; Liv. 10, 2, 6; 28, 6, 9; 31, 33, 3; Verg. G. 4, 421; id. A. 2, 23 al.—

A place of residence, a post, station of the fiscal officers of a province; also, for the officers themselves, Cod. Th. 12, 6, 19; Cod. Just. 4, 31, 1; 10, 5, 1; Inscr. Orell. 3207; 4107.—

A post-station, post-house, Inscr. Murat. 1015; Morcell. Stil. Inscr. Lat. 1, p. 421.—

A religious meeting, assembly of the Christians:

die stationis, nocte vigiliae meminerimus,

Tert. Or. 29:

stationes in vesperam producere,

id. adv. Psych. 1; so id. ib. 10; id. ad Ux. 2, 4.

singŭlāris, e, adj. [singuli].

Lit.

In gen., one by one, one at a time, alone, single, solitary; alone of its kind, singular (class.;

syn.: unus, unicus): non singulare nec solivagum genus (sc. homines),

i. e. solitary, Cic. Rep. 1, 25, 39:

hostes ubi ex litore aliquos singulares ex navi egredientes conspexerant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

homo,

id. ib. 7, 8, 3; so,

homo (with privatus, and opp. isti conquisiti coloni),

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

singularis mundus atque unigena,

id. Univ. 4 med.:

praeconium Dei singularis facere,

Lact. 4, 4, 8; cf. Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

natus,

Plin. 28, 10, 42, § 153:

herba (opp. fruticosa),

id. 27, 9, 55, § 78: singularis ferus, a wild boar (hence, Fr. sanglier), Vulg. Psa. 79, 14:

hominem dominandi cupidum aut imperii singularis,

sole command, exclusive dominion, Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; so,

singulare imperium et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9, 15:

sunt quaedam in te singularia... quaedam tibi cum multis communia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 88, § 206:

singulare beneficium (opp. commune officium civium),

id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:

odium (opp. communis invidia),

id. Sull. 1, 1:

quam invisa sit singularis potentia et miseranda vita,

Nep. Dion, 9, 5:

pugna,

Macr. S. 5, 2:

si quando quid secreto agere proposuisset, erat illi locus in edito singularis,

particular, separate, Suet. Aug. 72.—

In partic.

In gram., of or belonging to unity, singular:

singularis casus,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 33 Müll.;

10, § 54 ib.: numerus,

Quint. 1, 5, 42; 1, 6, 25; 8, 3, 20; Gell. 19, 8, 13:

nominativus,

Quint. 1, 6, 14:

genitivus,

id. 1, 6, 26 et saep. —Also absol., the singular number:

alii dicunt in singulari hac ovi et avi, alii hac ove et ave,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 66 Müll.; Quint. 8, 6, 28; 4, 5, 25 al.—

In milit lang., subst.: singŭlāris, is, m.

In gen., an orderly man (ordonance), assigned to officers of all kinds and ranks for executing their orders (called apparitor, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 52):

SINGVLARIS COS (consulis),

Inscr. Orell. 2003; cf. ib. 3529 sq.; 3591; 6771 al.—

Esp., under the emperors, equites singulares Augusti, or only equites singulares, a select horse body-guard (selected from barbarous nations, as Bessi, Thraces, Bæti, etc.), Tac. H. 4, 70; Hyg. m. c. §§ 23 and 30; Inscr. Grut. 1041, 12 al.; cf. on the Singulares, Henzen, Sugli Equiti Singolari, Roma, 1850; Becker, Antiq. tom. 3, pass. 2, p. 387 sq.—

In the time of the later emperors, singulares, a kind of imperial clerks, sent into the provinces, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; cf. Lyd. Meg. 3, 7.—

Trop., singular, unique, matchless, unparalleled, extraordinary, remarkable (syn.: unicus, eximius, praestans;

very freq. both in a good and in a bad sense): Aristoteles meo judicio in philosophiā prope singularis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

Cato, summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293:

vir ingenii naturā praestans, singularis perfectusque undique,

Quint. 12, 1, 25; so,

homines ingenio atque animo,

Cic. Div. 2, 47, 97:

adulescens,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 2.—Of things:

Antonii incredibilis quaedam et prope singularis et divina vis ingenii videtur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172:

singularis eximiaque virtus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; so,

singularis et incredibilis virtus,

id. Att. 14, 15, 3; cf. id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:

integritas atque innocentia singularis,

id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 27:

Treviri, quorum inter Gallos virtutis opinio est singularis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

Pompeius gratias tibi agit singulares,

Cic. Fam. 13, 41, 1; cf.:

mihi gratias egistis singularibus verbis,

id. Cat. 4, 3:

fides,

Nep. Att. 4:

singulare omnium saeculorum exemplum,

Just. 2, 4, 6.—In a bad sense:

nequitia ac turpitudo singularis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 106; so,

nequitia,

id. ib. 2, 2, 54, § 134; id. Fin. 5, 20, 56:

impudentia,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18: audacia (with scelus incredibile), id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 105:

singularis et nefaria crudelitas,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77.— Hence, adv.: singŭlārĭter ( singlā-rĭter, Lucr. 6, 1067).

One by one, singly, separately.

In gen. (ante- and post-class.):

quae memorare queam inter se singlariter apta, Lucr. l. l. Munro (Lachm. singillariter): a juventā singulariter sedens,

apart, separately, Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 727.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 1.), in the singular number:

quod pluralia singulariter et singularia pluraliter efferuntur,

Quint. 1, 5, 16; 1, 7, 18; 9, 3, 20:

dici,

Gell. 19, 8, 12; Dig. 27, 6, 1 al.—

(Acc. to II.) Particularly, exceedingly:

aliquem diligere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 117:

et miror et diligo,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 1:

amo,

id. ib. 4, 15, 1.